Potential New Markers of Inflammation-Induced Renal Injury Subside when Endotoxin Tolerance Develops in Humans

Renal injury is a common clinical problem in the critically ill patient, and is associated with poor outcome [1,2]. Two large multicentre cohort studies reported previously the occurrence of renal injury in an estimated 30-40% of all patients admitted to the ICU [3,4]. Furthermore, critically ill patients who develop renal injury and require renal replacement therapy, have mortality rates of 50-80% [2].